Today’s lecture is also examples mostly, but this time I’ll introduce you to iterations and you will see why these program lines are common in every programmer’s code. Just don’t be confused when you see i= i++ (this really bugged me when I was first introduced to world of programming). How the heck can i be equal to i+1 ? You have to think outside of the box this time, and forget regular math.
Program Iterations
Program iterations are used to process certain program’s block, multiple number of times. Number of repeats (iterations) can be, or don’t have to be previously known. We have following iterations that:
Iterations that tests iteration condition at the beginning
Example:
Write your own program that will read given positive-whole numbers, until number zero is given. Then it will print which given number was the smallest. The program must ignore given negative numbers (given = keyboard inputted).
Warning: While searching for smallest (biggest) filed member or flow, we use following algorithm:
Example:
flow: 5, 6, 3, 9, 4, 7, 2, -1, 5.
Alternative approach (to avoid double storing)
Example:
Program reads positive-whole numbers until their sum reaches value bigger than approved range short int allows. Program also prints last valid sum.
Example of programs testing:
Input number : 30000
Input number : 10
Input number : 10000
Sum: 30010
Is the number of iterations in this program block previously known?
Example:
Program prints first 100 numbers that are dividable with 7:
Example:
Program reads positive-whole number and calculates range of following numbers in this way:
Give positive number: 9
In 1. step, number = 28
In 2. step, number = 14
In 3. step, number = 7
In 4. step, number = 22
In 5. step, number = 11
In 6. step, number = 34
In 7. step, number = 17
In 8. step, number = 52
In 9. step, number = 26
In 10. step, number = 13
In 11. step, number = 40
In 12. step, number = 20
In 13. step, number = 10
In 14. step, number = 5
In 15. step, number = 16
In 16. step, number = 8
In 17. step, number = 4
In 18. step, number = 2
In 19. step, number = 1
All together 19 steps.
Technorati Tags: Iterations, While, For, If, Lesson, Tutorial, Featured
Program Iterations
Program iterations are used to process certain program’s block, multiple number of times. Number of repeats (iterations) can be, or don’t have to be previously known. We have following iterations that:
- test condition before starting iteration (while, for)
- test condition at the end (do-while)
Iterations that tests iteration condition at the beginning
Example:
Write your own program that will read given positive-whole numbers, until number zero is given. Then it will print which given number was the smallest. The program must ignore given negative numbers (given = keyboard inputted).
Warning: While searching for smallest (biggest) filed member or flow, we use following algorithm:
- first member in field is declared smallest and it’s value is assigned to temp variable, which presents current minimum.
- we search through other field members and if one of them is smaller then our current minimum, we update our temp variable to show new current minimum.
- after we processed the whole field, temp variable now stores the real minimum member of field.
Example:
flow: 5, 6, 3, 9, 4, 7, 2, -1, 5.
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int min, x = 0;
while(x <= 0){
printf("Input number : ");
scanf("%d", &x);
min = x; // we assume first given number is the smallest
}
while (x != 0) {
printf("Input number : ");
scanf("%d", &x);
if(x > 0 && x < min )
min = x;
}
printf("Smallest given number is: %d\n", min);
}
Alternative approach (to avoid double storing)
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int min=0, x=1;
// in first iteration x=1
while (x != 0) {
printf("Input number : ");
scanf("%d", &x); //after first iteration x becomes != 1
if (x > 0) {
if ((min==0) || (x < min)) min = x;
}
}
printf("Smallest given number is: %d\n", min);
}
Example:
Program reads positive-whole numbers until their sum reaches value bigger than approved range short int allows. Program also prints last valid sum.
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
short int x, sum = 0, end = 0;
while (!end) {
printf("Input number : ");
scanf("%d", &x);
if ((signed short)(sum+x) >= sum) { //why cast?
sum += x;
} else {
end = 1;
}
}
printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);
}
Example of programs testing:
Input number : 30000
Input number : 10
Input number : 10000
Sum: 30010
Is the number of iterations in this program block previously known?
Example:
Program prints first 100 numbers that are dividable with 7:
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int i=0, n=0;
while (n < 100) {
if (i % 7 == 0) {
printf ("%d\n", i);
n++;
}
i++;
}
}
Example:
Program reads positive-whole number and calculates range of following numbers in this way:
- if the given number is even, then divides it with 2
- if the given number is odd, then multiplies it with 3 and adds 1
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
int number, nrSteps = 0;
printf("Give positive number:");
scanf("%d", &number);
while (number > 1) {
++ nrSteps;
if (number % 2){
number = number * 3 + 1;
}
else {
number /= 2;
}
printf ("In %d. step, number = %d \n", nrSteps, number);
}
printf ("All together %d steps. \n", nrSteps);
}
Give positive number: 9
In 1. step, number = 28
In 2. step, number = 14
In 3. step, number = 7
In 4. step, number = 22
In 5. step, number = 11
In 6. step, number = 34
In 7. step, number = 17
In 8. step, number = 52
In 9. step, number = 26
In 10. step, number = 13
In 11. step, number = 40
In 12. step, number = 20
In 13. step, number = 10
In 14. step, number = 5
In 15. step, number = 16
In 16. step, number = 8
In 17. step, number = 4
In 18. step, number = 2
In 19. step, number = 1
All together 19 steps.
Technorati Tags: Iterations, While, For, If, Lesson, Tutorial, Featured
12 Responses to “Lesson 10: Program Iterations”
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C++ Maniac
Learn C
- Lesson 1
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- Lesson 8
- Lesson 9
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- Lesson 11
- Lesson 12
- Lesson 13
- Lesson 14
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Additional
#include
Learn Converting
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Appendix
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Previous posts
- Lesson 9: Two-sided and Multi-sided Selections
- Lesson 8: Conditional and Logical Operators
- Lesson 7: Assigning, Comparison, IF Conditions
- Lesson 6: ASCII code and character variables
- Lesson 5: Operators and Integer operations
- Lesson 4: Casting data types
- Lesson 3: Data types in Registry
- Lesson 2: IEEE Standards
- Lesson 1: Transforming Numerical Systems
- Purpose...
Daily Lessons for programming in Visual Studio, using C code.
Wow... more than 24 hours without a new lesson... that's a new record :)
today is friday, had million things to do, but I added new version of c maniac (black on white) in my news category :)
"i= ++i" is not proper C. Program behaviour with this instruction is undefined. Google for "sequence point".
void main() is not legal C. I stopped reading at that point.
good riddance, Dennis!
why don't you complete your education before posting the tutorials for others to learn?
though your teaching style is commendable, you are teaching some bad practices to the young minds.
void main() and i = ++i; are both illegal in C.
Not only that but ANSI standard C requires a return! non here.
This thing is very funny. What's the point of coming and posting here if you don't like the resource? Showing off your competence? These stupid details do not make a good or a bad programmer, be sure. All the more so if the mind is dead and stiff.
> This thing is very funny. What's the point of coming and posting here if you don't like the resource? Showing off your competence?
Correct me if I'm wrong, but think that's what comments are for, right?
Besides, this is rather constructive criticism. If the author doesn't care about it, that's his choice.
I already said what I think about it. This tutorial is for beginners and the style of coding will be a big influence to them.
rjc
All comments are welcome,even the bad ones. Please do understand that I am aware of main characteristic as returning value (int main) or returning nothing void main. I am also aware of return, break, continue commands...
We will come to all of this, but for now simple (BUT PROPER, CORRECT and WORKING) examples are to be shown first.
i=i++, is the right form, I appologise. This was only an example of something different than usual math. But notice, I never used it falsly in my code and lessons (just intro..sorry!)
rjc, THIS is constructive. But giving unconditional orders and showing apparent indignation sound completely misplaced. Most of the times regardless of the subject .
very intersting .here